Giac Lam Pagoda Guide: History, Architecture & Visitor Tips

In the heart of bustling Ho Chi Minh City, Giac Lam Pagoda stands as a serene retreat, where centuries of history and spirituality meet in the quiet ambiance of a well-preserved Buddhist temple. Built nearly 300 years ago, Giac Lam Pagoda is recognized as one of Vietnam's oldest religious sites, a beacon of culture and faith that has weathered the tides of time. As you step through its iconic gates, you are welcomed into a sacred space, far removed from the fast pace of the city. This pagoda offers visitors a profound sense of peace and a rare opportunity to witness Vietnamese Buddhist traditions up close.

For those who seek not just the surface of a place but a true connection to its soul, Giac Lam Pagoda is a destination that tells its story through every carving, pillar, and stone. From the seven-story stupa that reaches into the sky to the shaded courtyard where an ancient Bodhi tree spreads its branches, this temple invites travelers to step back in time. Within these walls, echoes of chanting monks and the faint scent of incense fill the air, transporting you to a world of mindfulness and reverence.

In this guide, we’ll take you through the history, cultural relevance, and architectural beauty of Giac Lam Pagoda. We’ll explore what makes it unique, share practical tips to enhance your visit, and highlight experiences that bring you closer to the heart of Vietnamese heritage. Prepare to discover a side of Ho Chi Minh City that’s rich with spiritual and historical significance.

Why Giac Lam Pagoda is a Must-Visit in Ho Chi Minh City

In a city known for its modern skyscrapers, busy markets, and vibrant nightlife, Giac Lam Pagoda offers a unique contrast as a symbol of Vietnam’s enduring spiritual heritage. Unlike many contemporary attractions, this ancient pagoda remains untouched by time, a sacred refuge where local devotees and curious travelers alike come to find peace. As one of the oldest and most revered Buddhist temples in Vietnam, Giac Lam Pagoda offers an experience that transcends the typical tourist itinerary, inviting visitors to connect with the profound silence and solemnity that fill its halls.

Today, many travelers find themselves seeking authentic and meaningful experiences rather than just the bustling tourist spots. Giac Lam Pagoda addresses this need perfectly, providing a rare glimpse into a world where Vietnamese Buddhist traditions remain alive and vibrant. For visitors who wish to escape the modern distractions and immerse themselves in history, Giac Lam Pagoda is the ideal destination. With every stone and statue reflecting its ancient legacy, this site offers a journey into the past, a place where spirituality is as tangible as the fragrant incense in the air.

Laughing Buddha statue at Giac Lam Pagoda, offering visitors a peaceful and serene experience

Overview of Giac Lam Pagoda's Historical Significance

Founded in 1744 by the Chinese monk Ly Thuy Long, Giac Lam Pagoda is not only a place of worship but also a monument to nearly 300 years of Vietnamese spiritual and cultural history. The pagoda, originally known as Cam Son, was later renamed Giac Lam by the abbot Vien Quang, a name that reflects its role as a sanctuary for Buddhist teachings and enlightenment. Over the years, the pagoda has stood as a spiritual stronghold and an educational center for those wishing to learn about Buddhism in Vietnam. Its influence extends beyond Ho Chi Minh City, resonating as a symbol of resilience, tradition, and peace in a rapidly changing world.

Visitors to Giac Lam Pagoda are stepping into a living museum, where each corner holds echoes of the past. The temple’s structure and relics have been meticulously preserved, allowing visitors to experience Vietnam's Buddhist heritage as it has been passed down through generations. For locals, the pagoda is more than just a historical site; it is a place of personal and communal significance, where festivals, prayers, and ceremonies continue to play a vital role in everyday life. This enduring legacy makes Giac Lam Pagoda an essential part of Ho Chi Minh City's historical landscape, offering visitors a chance to engage with a sacred space that has witnessed the evolution of Vietnamese culture firsthand.

What Makes Giac Lam Pagoda Unique?

Beyond its historical importance, Giac Lam Pagoda captivates visitors with its unique architectural features and cultural treasures. The architecture of Giac Lam Pagoda is a harmonious blend of Vietnamese and Buddhist design elements, from the grand triple gate that welcomes visitors to the intricately carved wooden pillars and altars within. The pagoda’s structure follows the Tam-style layout, which includes three main buildings aligned to embody spiritual principles. Each building—housing the main ceremonial hall, altars, and dining areas—serves as a focal point for worship, contemplation, and community gatherings.

One of the most iconic features of Giac Lam Pagoda is its seven-story stupa, completed in 1994, which stands 32 meters tall and houses relics of the Buddha. This towering structure is both a symbol of spiritual ascent and a physical reminder of the temple’s deep-rooted significance. The stupa’s hexagonal design is decorated with carvings and ceramic plates, each detail adding to its reverent beauty. Another highlight is the ancient Bodhi tree, a gift from a Sri Lankan monk in 1953, which has become a symbol of enlightenment and peace for the local community.

With over 100 statues, including images of Amitabha Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, and the Avalokiteshvara, Giac Lam Pagoda offers visitors a chance to witness the profound iconography of Buddhist art. Each statue carries layers of meaning, representing compassion, wisdom, and spiritual guidance, creating an atmosphere that feels both intimate and grand.

The Pagoda's Architectural Beauty

The architectural beauty of Giac Lam Pagoda is evident from the moment you enter its grounds. The main gate, built in the traditional Vietnamese style, showcases multi-tiered roofs adorned with carvings of dragons and phoenixes, symbols of protection and peace. Beyond this grand entrance lies the temple complex, where three main halls are connected by a courtyard, creating a space that feels at once expansive and serene. The ceremonial hall is the heart of the pagoda, housing ancient statues and offering visitors a place for prayer and meditation.

One of the standout features of the pagoda’s architecture is its seven-story stupa. Rising above the temple complex, the stupa is a landmark visible from afar, drawing visitors closer with its intricate details. Each story of the stupa is hexagonal, with walls adorned in ceramic plates that depict Buddhist imagery and symbols. This stupa not only serves as a visual marvel but also holds relics of Gautama Buddha, making it a sacred space for those who seek a deeper connection to Buddhism.

Spiritual and Cultural Relevance of Giac Lam Pagoda

For the Vietnamese, Giac Lam Pagoda is more than just a historical site—it is a place where community and spirituality converge. The temple hosts significant festivals throughout the year, such as the Vu Lan and Vesak celebrations, which are marked by vibrant rituals, offerings, and communal gatherings. These events allow visitors to experience firsthand the spiritual devotion that defines Vietnamese Buddhist culture. During festivals, the air is filled with the sounds of prayer and chanting, while the temple grounds are decorated with colorful lanterns and fragrant incense.

These festivals are not merely traditions but are expressions of the Vietnamese people’s connection to their faith. Visitors are welcome to participate, observing or joining in the rituals that symbolize respect for ancestors and gratitude to the Buddha. Through these experiences, Giac Lam Pagoda offers a unique opportunity to engage with Vietnam’s spiritual heritage, fostering a deeper appreciation for the customs that have been cherished for centuries.

Getting Started: Essential Visitor Information

Located at 565 Lac Long Quan Street in the Tan Binh District, Giac Lam Pagoda is easily accessible from the center of Ho Chi Minh City. Visitors can reach the temple by taxi, motorbike, or the local bus service (Route 27 from Ben Thanh bus station), making it a convenient destination for travelers. The temple is open daily from 6:00 AM to 9:00 PM, and entry is free of charge, allowing anyone to explore its sacred spaces without cost.

Visitors should be mindful of the temple’s dress code, which requires modest attire covering shoulders and knees. Additionally, it’s customary to maintain a quiet demeanor and refrain from using flash photography, respecting the temple’s tranquil atmosphere. For those looking to immerse themselves fully in the experience, visiting during one of the temple’s festivals can provide a vibrant glimpse into Vietnamese Buddhist practices.

Bodhi tree and Avalokiteshvara statue at Giac Lam Pagoda, symbolizing compassion and enlightenment in Buddhism

Historical Timeline of Giac Lam Pagoda

Stepping into Giac Lam Pagoda is akin to taking a journey back through centuries of Vietnamese history. Founded in 1744 by the Chinese monk Ly Thuy Long, the pagoda has not only endured through changing times but has thrived as a revered center of Buddhist spirituality and learning. As one of the most venerated historical sites in Ho Chi Minh City, it has witnessed numerous renovations and has been led by generations of devoted abbots who each left their mark on the temple’s legacy. The architecture, relics, and spiritual practices preserved here reflect the story of Vietnamese Buddhism evolving over nearly 300 years.

The timeline of Giac Lam Pagoda includes several pivotal moments, from its founding years to various renovation projects that were necessary to maintain its structure and beauty. Today, it stands as a testament to the dedication of these abbots and the community who regard the temple as a cornerstone of their cultural identity.

Founding and Early Years

The origins of Giac Lam Pagoda can be traced back to the 18th century when Ly Thuy Long, a monk of Chinese descent, laid its foundations with the hope of creating a sanctuary for Buddhist teachings and a peaceful place of worship for the local community. Initially known as Cam Son, the temple soon became a haven for Buddhist monks and devotees, providing a much-needed spiritual anchor for the people of Southern Vietnam. Over the years, the temple was renamed Giac Lam, which means "Feel the Woods Temple," symbolizing a connection to nature and the tranquility that it provides.

Each successive abbot took on the responsibility of preserving the temple’s spiritual and architectural essence. These early years were marked by a deep commitment to maintaining the temple as a sacred place, where the local community could come to meditate, pray, and study Buddhist philosophy. The pagoda’s enduring appeal lies not only in its beauty but in its role as a cultural institution, bridging generations through faith and tradition.

Important Renovations and Preservation Efforts

Over its centuries-old history, Giac Lam Pagoda has undergone numerous renovations, each designed to protect and preserve its spiritual and architectural significance. Some of the most significant preservation efforts were led by dedicated abbots, including Thich Vien Quang and Thich Hong Hung, who made it their mission to restore the temple’s structures and ensure the longevity of its artifacts. These renovations involved repairing the pagoda's main halls, reinforcing the triple gate, and restoring the Buddhist statues and scriptures within the temple.

Throughout these preservation projects, Giac Lam Pagoda retained its original charm while incorporating subtle enhancements to withstand the elements and the passage of time. Special care was taken to preserve the Buddhist scriptures housed in the temple, some of which date back to the early days of its founding. These efforts reflect a profound respect for the temple’s heritage and the desire to safeguard it for future generations, ensuring that Giac Lam Pagoda remains a timeless place of worship and contemplation.

Architectural Highlights: Unique Structures and Designs

The architecture of Giac Lam Pagoda is both a marvel to behold and an embodiment of Buddhist symbolism. Unlike many modern temples, Giac Lam’s design is rooted in the traditional Vietnamese style, with influences from classical Chinese aesthetics that enhance its sense of spiritual grandeur. Each structure within the temple complex serves a purpose, from the imposing triple gate at the entrance to the sacred seven-story stupa that stands as a testament to Buddhist reverence. Every pillar, statue, and carving within the pagoda is infused with symbolic meaning, representing concepts such as compassion, wisdom, and spiritual ascension.

For visitors, exploring the architectural highlights of Giac Lam Pagoda offers not only visual delight but also a deeper understanding of Vietnamese spiritual and cultural heritage. The carefully crafted wooden pillars, intricate carvings, and carefully placed statues are designed to inspire introspection and reverence. The pagoda’s layout, materials, and artistic choices collectively tell a story of devotion, making it a place where the lines between art, history, and spirituality beautifully blur.

The Iconic Seven-Story Stupa

One of the most striking features of Giac Lam Pagoda is its towering seven-story stupa, which reaches 32 meters into the sky, offering a profound symbol of enlightenment and spiritual elevation. This stupa was completed in 1994 and serves as a focal point of worship and meditation for Buddhists and visitors alike. Each of its seven hexagonal stories is adorned with intricate carvings and Buddhist symbols that depict the journey toward spiritual awakening.

The stupa is more than just an architectural feat; it houses sacred relics of Gautama Buddha, making it a revered site for pilgrims who visit from across Vietnam and beyond. Visitors are often struck by the stupa’s commanding presence and the sense of peace it evokes. The design of the stupa invites the viewer’s gaze upwards, symbolizing the ascension of the soul and the path toward enlightenment. Standing before it, visitors feel both the majesty of Buddhist devotion and the serenity that permeates the pagoda grounds.

Bodhi Tree and Avalokiteshvara Statue

Within the courtyard of Giac Lam Pagoda stands a Bodhi tree, a sacred symbol in Buddhism that represents enlightenment and peace. This tree, a gift from a Sri Lankan monk in 1953, has become a central element of the temple, offering shade and a space for quiet reflection to countless visitors. Under its branches sits an Avalokiteshvara statue, known as the Bodhisattva of Compassion, embodying the Buddhist virtues of mercy and kindness.

For visitors, the Bodhi tree provides a unique place to connect with nature while engaging in personal reflection. The Avalokiteshvara statue enhances this experience, inviting devotees and visitors alike to seek solace and inner peace. The tree’s roots, which stretch deep into the soil of the pagoda, serve as a reminder of the spiritual roots that bind the past to the present, linking generations through shared devotion and reverence.

The tranquil courtyard of Giac Lam Pagoda, surrounded by traditional architecture and lush greenery

Festivals and Cultural Events at Giac Lam Pagoda

Festivals at Giac Lam Pagoda provide a vibrant display of Vietnamese Buddhist traditions, where spirituality, community, and culture come together in celebration. Throughout the year, the temple hosts several key festivals that draw both locals and tourists. These festivals are a window into the spiritual lives of the Vietnamese people, showcasing age-old customs that honor the Buddha, ancestors, and the community’s collective faith.

During major festivals, the grounds of the pagoda come alive with colorful decorations, the scent of incense, and the sounds of chanting and prayer. Visitors are encouraged to participate, allowing them to immerse themselves in the cultural richness of Vietnam. These celebrations offer a unique opportunity to experience the harmony of Buddhist faith and Vietnamese traditions, where rituals are performed not just as a formality but as a meaningful expression of belief and devotion.

Major Festivals and Spiritual Gatherings

Two of the most celebrated events at Giac Lam Pagoda are the Tet and Vu Lan festivals, each with its own unique significance and rituals. Tet, the Vietnamese Lunar New Year, is the most important festival in Vietnam and is marked by prayers for prosperity and the blessing of ancestors. During this festival, the temple is adorned with flowers and lanterns, creating a festive atmosphere that contrasts with the usual quiet of the pagoda grounds.

Vu Lan, also known as the Ghost Festival or Ullambana, is dedicated to honoring departed ancestors and is an important time for Vietnamese Buddhists to pay respects to their forebears. The festival includes ceremonies, offerings, and prayers, with monks leading the community in chants that resonate throughout the temple. Visitors are welcome to join the gatherings, offering them a rare chance to witness Vietnamese Buddhist practices in their most vibrant form.

These festivals not only strengthen the bonds within the community but also reinforce the connection between past and present. For travelers, participating in these events provides a deep insight into the Vietnamese way of life and an opportunity to engage in cultural practices that have been passed down through generations.

Experience the Tranquility of Giac Lam Pagoda

In a city that pulses with energy, the quiet sanctuary of Giac Lam Pagoda offers a refreshing escape from the urban clamor of Saigon. Visitors stepping into the pagoda’s grounds are immediately struck by the sense of peace that pervades the space. Surrounded by lush greenery and the faint scent of incense, Giac Lam Pagoda invites you to leave behind the stress of daily life and embrace the tranquility it offers. Here, the whispers of ancient prayers and the gentle chime of temple bells create an atmosphere ideal for reflection, meditation, and spiritual growth.

For those seeking a spiritual journey to Giac Lam Pagoda, the temple’s serene environment presents a perfect setting for mindfulness and meditation. The calm, contemplative ambiance allows visitors to connect with their inner selves, providing a moment of respite from the relentless pace of modern life. Meditation areas, often occupied by monks and locals, are scattered throughout the pagoda, giving visitors the chance to engage in quiet contemplation or simply enjoy the surroundings.

In a world that can feel overwhelmingly busy, Giac Lam Pagoda stands as a beacon of peace, offering a space where visitors can reconnect with themselves and experience a slice of timeless serenity.

Capture Unique Photography Moments

For photography enthusiasts, Giac Lam Pagoda is a treasure trove of visual inspiration. The pagoda’s scenic spots and carefully designed gardens provide countless opportunities to capture the beauty of Buddhist architecture in a peaceful, natural setting. With its historic statues, vibrant altars, and lush greenery, Giac Lam Pagoda offers a harmonious balance of colors, textures, and lighting that make it one of the best photography spots in Ho Chi Minh City.

The seven-story stupa, adorned with intricate carvings, makes for a dramatic focal point against the sky, while the gentle curves of the Avalokiteshvara statue offer an ideal subject for close-up shots that capture the subtle details of Buddhist art. The peaceful gardens, dotted with delicate flowers and ancient trees, provide a soothing backdrop for capturing moments of quiet beauty.

Whether you are an amateur photographer or a seasoned professional, the photography at Giac Lam Pagoda allows you to document the timeless charm and spiritual elegance of one of Vietnam’s most revered sites. Every angle tells a story, and every shot holds the potential to capture a sense of serenity that transcends the lens.

Ornate altar at Giac Lam Pagoda, showcasing Buddhist statues and intricate carvings

Embark on a Spiritual and Cultural Journey

A visit to Giac Lam Pagoda is more than just a trip to a historic site; it’s an immersive cultural experience that allows travelers to witness Vietnamese traditions and connect deeply with the country’s Buddhist heritage. Walking through the pagoda’s grounds, visitors find themselves surrounded by symbols and rituals that offer a profound understanding of the Vietnamese way of life. The temple’s walls, adorned with ancient carvings and colorful murals, tell stories of compassion, wisdom, and the teachings of Buddha, creating an atmosphere that encourages reflection and introspection.

At Giac Lam Pagoda, you can observe the daily practices of local worshippers and monks, who gather to perform rituals that honor their ancestors and express gratitude for the Buddha’s teachings. Each offering, each prayer, each gentle bow is a testament to the enduring faith that permeates Vietnamese culture. For those interested in spiritual tourism in Vietnam, Giac Lam Pagoda provides an unparalleled opportunity to participate in and learn about the sacred practices that have been preserved over centuries.

Through this journey, visitors gain insight into the sacred sites in Ho Chi Minh City and the spiritual values that shape the lives of the Vietnamese people. From the rituals of prayer to the communal gatherings during festivals, Giac Lam Pagoda allows travelers to experience the depth of Vietnamese spirituality in an authentic and meaningful way.

Participate in Buddhist Rituals and Offerings

One of the most enriching aspects of visiting Giac Lam Pagoda is the opportunity to participate in or observe the traditional Buddhist rituals that are practiced daily within its walls. As you enter the main hall, the sight of incense offerings, chanting monks, and reverent worshippers invites you to step into a world where faith and tradition come alive. These rituals, carried out with care and devotion, are not only acts of worship but also expressions of respect and gratitude that are deeply rooted in Vietnamese culture.

Visitors are encouraged to participate in simple rituals, such as lighting incense or offering flowers, as gestures of respect and mindfulness. During major festivals, these practices become even more elaborate, with special ceremonies and community gatherings that honor ancestors and the Buddha’s teachings. Participating in these rituals allows travelers to feel a part of the community, gaining a sense of belonging and a deeper connection to Vietnamese spirituality.

By engaging with these customs, visitors are not just passive observers; they become part of a collective expression of faith, sharing in a moment that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. These experiences create memories that linger long after leaving the pagoda, making the journey to Giac Lam Pagoda a truly transformative one.

How to Reach Giac Lam Pagoda

Navigating Ho Chi Minh City to reach Giac Lam Pagoda is straightforward, thanks to its convenient location and various transportation options. Situated in Tan Binh District at 565 Lac Long Quan Street, the pagoda is roughly 7 kilometers from the city center and easily accessible by different means. Whether you prefer taxis, buses, or motorbikes, traveling to this historic site is both convenient and affordable.

For travelers relying on public transport, taking the local bus is an economical and scenic option. Bus Route 27, which departs from Ben Thanh bus station, stops close to Giac Lam Pagoda, providing a direct and affordable route. The bus ride offers a glimpse into the daily life of locals, adding another layer of cultural immersion before you even arrive at the pagoda.

Alternatively, taxis and rideshare services such as Grab are widely available in Ho Chi Minh City and offer a quick and comfortable ride to the pagoda. A taxi from the central city area typically costs around 150,000–200,000 VND (approximately $6–$9 USD). For those who want a more independent travel experience, renting a motorbike is another popular option, allowing you to explore the city at your own pace and make stops along the way. However, navigating the busy streets of Saigon by motorbike can be challenging for newcomers, so it’s advised for experienced riders only.

The majestic seven-story stupa of Giac Lam Pagoda, towering in Ho Chi Minh City

Visitor Tips for an Enjoyable Experience

To make the most of your visit to Giac Lam Pagoda, it’s essential to observe local customs and etiquette, showing respect for this sacred site and the people who worship here. Like most Buddhist temples in Vietnam, Giac Lam Pagoda has certain guidelines to ensure a peaceful and respectful environment for all visitors.

Visitors are encouraged to dress modestly, with clothing that covers the shoulders and knees. This dress code is a sign of respect for the religious nature of the site, as overly casual attire is considered inappropriate in this spiritual setting. Additionally, it’s customary to remove your shoes before entering the main halls, as a gesture of respect and humility.

Photography is welcome on the pagoda grounds, but visitors should avoid using flash or disturbing the peace of worshippers in prayer. Speaking softly and keeping noise to a minimum also helps maintain the tranquility that defines Giac Lam Pagoda. Whether observing a ritual or exploring the temple’s architectural details, a respectful demeanor enhances your experience and shows appreciation for the cultural and spiritual values held dear by the local community.

By following these simple guidelines, you can enjoy a more meaningful visit, gaining a deeper understanding of the Vietnamese culture and the peaceful practices that form the heart of Buddhist life in Ho Chi Minh City.

Guided Tours and Booking Options

For visitors seeking a richer understanding of Giac Lam Pagoda’s history and spiritual significance, booking a guided tour is a valuable option. Several local tour operators in Ho Chi Minh City offer guided excursions to Giac Lam Pagoda, allowing visitors to explore the temple’s architecture, learn about its Buddhist symbolism, and participate in cultural activities under the guidance of an expert.

Guided tours typically include a knowledgeable guide who can share insights into the Buddhist practices observed at the temple, explaining the significance behind each ritual and symbol. This experience is particularly beneficial for travelers who are new to Buddhism or interested in learning more about Vietnamese religious customs. Some tours even offer options to join during special festivals, adding an extra layer of authenticity to the visit.

Private tours are also available for those who prefer a more personalized experience. These tours can be arranged through travel agencies or online platforms, offering flexible schedules and tailored experiences to suit individual preferences. Booking options are usually accessible through major tourism websites and local tour operators, ensuring a smooth and convenient planning process.

Best Time to Visit for Festivals and Quiet Days

To fully experience the spiritual energy of Giac Lam Pagoda, planning your visit around key Buddhist festivals can add a memorable dimension to your trip. The pagoda comes alive during festivals such as Tet (Lunar New Year) and Vu Lan (Ancestor’s Day), where visitors can witness traditional ceremonies and the vibrant atmosphere created by decorative lanterns, flowers, and community gatherings. These events showcase the cultural richness of Vietnamese Buddhism and provide a unique opportunity to join locals in celebrating their heritage.

If you prefer a quieter experience, consider visiting during weekdays or outside of festival seasons. This allows you to explore the pagoda’s serene grounds without the crowds, making it an ideal setting for meditation and reflection. Morning visits are particularly tranquil, as the early hours offer a peaceful ambiance with fewer visitors, and the soft morning light adds to the beauty of the pagoda’s architecture.

Planning your visit according to your interests—whether joining during festivals or enjoying the solitude of a quiet day—ensures that you experience Giac Lam Pagoda in a way that aligns with your personal preferences.

Plan Your Visit to Giac Lam Pagoda – A Spiritual Journey in Ho Chi Minh City

In the bustling urban landscape of Ho Chi Minh City, Giac Lam Pagoda stands as a place of peace, tradition, and cultural richness. From its nearly three centuries of history to its intricate architecture and vibrant festivals, the pagoda offers a deeply immersive experience for those who seek to understand the heart of Vietnamese Buddhism. This revered site not only allows visitors to enjoy the serenity of its sacred grounds but also provides a unique opportunity to witness and participate in the rich spiritual traditions that define Vietnamese culture.

Whether you are drawn by the promise of tranquility, the architectural beauty, or the cultural insights, Giac Lam Pagoda welcomes you to step into a world of reverence and reflection. As you plan your visit, consider the best times to experience the temple’s quiet charm or its festive energy during important Buddhist festivals. Your journey to Giac Lam Pagoda will leave you with memories of peace, heritage, and a renewed appreciation for the timeless beauty of Vietnamese spirituality.